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Criminal Profiling The Criminal Investigative Approach,...

Opening Informal criminal profiling has a long history. It was used as early as the 1880s, when two physicians, George Phillips and Thomas Bond, used crime scene clues to make predictions about British serial murderer Jack the Ripper s personality. For years, law enforcement investigators, academics, mental health experts, and the media have studied serial murder, from Jack the Ripper in the late 1800s to the sniper killings in 2002, and from the â€Å"Zodiac Killer† in California to the â€Å"BTK Killer† in Kansas. These diverse groups have long attempted to understand the complex issues related to serial murder investigations via offender profiling. Until the Serial Murder Symposium, however, there had been few attempts to reach a consensus on some of the issues surrounding the inability to conclusively deduct a precise profile of an individual that may or may not commit such crimes. This paper will discuss the relevant successfulness of offender profiling. There are three leading approaches in offender profiling: the criminal investigative approach, the clinical practitioner approach, and the scientific statistical approach. The criminal investigative approach is what is used law enforcement and more specifically by the Behavioural Analysis Unit (BAU) within the FBI. What the BAU does is defined as assists law enforcement agencies by their review and assessment of a criminal act, by interpreting the offender s behaviour during the crime and the interactions between theShow MoreRelatedExamining The Literature On Offender Profiling1597 Words   |  7 Pagessociety in for criminal behaviour and investigation with television shows such as ‘Underbelly’ which were based on true Australian crime, attracting high ratings from the public. Forensic psychologists conduct Offender Profiling, a forensic procedure which examines the behavioural data provided by witnesses and the crime scene to assist the investigation by predicting the possible characteristics of criminals. This article will examine the literature on Offender profiling Offender profiling developedRead MoreThe Grounds, Techniques And Effectiveness Of Offender Profiling2331 Words   |  10 PagesCriminal profiling has been made known as one of the most useful techniques in offender profiling, a technique practiced to help define the behavior of an offender before they reach the height of their criminal career. This essay will talk over the grounds, techniques and effectiveness of offender profiling. Firstly the essay will reinstate what offender profiling is, describe what profiling does and when should does this preparation technique become practicable. Analysed criminal behaviour knowRead MoreThe Problem Of Offender Profiling2060 Words   |  9 PagesOffender profiling can be described as the process often used in extremely serious offences such as serial murder or sexual assault. The process aims to identify unique characteristics about the offender through examining the characteristics of the offence and gathering information about the victim (Farrington, 2007) as well as using information gained from previous similar offences before gradually building up an offender profile. In order for offender profiling to be considered useful, it mustRead MoreCrime Analysis Enhances Criminal Investigations2533 Words   |  10 Pagesand bring crime under control. Law enforcement agencies turn to criminal investigators who are the ones that analyse crime information and provide guidance and advice to them. As with technology advancing, so is the face of crimes, with crimes becoming more sophisticated, organised and global (Laycock: 2008). With these advances in technology it creates more opportunities for offenders to commit crimes. It is the goal of criminal investigators to reduce or eliminate these opportunities and thusRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 PagesListening to Rap: Cultures of Crime, Cultures of Resistance Julian Tanner, University of Toronto Mark Asbridge, Dalhousie University Scot Wortley, University of Toronto This research compares representations of rap music with the self-reported criminal behavior and resistant attitudes of the music’s core audience. Our database is a large sample of Toronto high school students (n = 3,393) from which we identify a group of listeners, whose combination of musical likes and dislikes distinguish themRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagescompare it with previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, it is management’s job to get the organization back on track. This monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is the controlling function. So, using the functional approach, the answer to the question â€Å"What do managers do?† is that they plan, organize, lead, and control. Management Roles In the late 1960s, Henry Mintzberg, then a graduate student at MIT, undertook a careful study of five executives to determine

Child Labor- Economics free essay sample

How positive is influence of globalisation labour markets in developing countries? BY Ita2708 on labour markets in developing countries? on Globalisation is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that is been bringing the world closer through the exchange of goods and products, information, knowledge and culture. Globalisation has more or less influence on every country in the world. There are a lot of disputes about whether there is a more positive or more negative influence of globalization on the developing countries. According to The Economist (2001, 10), people who live in developing countries are even more likely han their rich-country counterparts to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain. However, this question is complex and in this essay it will be argued in relation to the impact of globalisation on labour markets in developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Labor- Economics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will discuss that globalisation has largely positive influence on the labour markets in developing countries. Some advantages and disadvantages relative to three general points of essay, namely money flow changes, migration processes, and usage of child labour, will be presented. Firstly, one of the most significant consequences of globalisation is that there are ore ways of money flow, especially from rich regions of the world to the poorest countries. However, it is not always positive for labour markets in these countries. Some people might agree that trade is good for economic growth but at the same time they would say that growth is not necessarily good for poor workers. Capital inflow makes economies less stable, exposing workers to the risk of financial crisis (The Economist, 2001). For instance, many countries in Africa have failed to share in the gains of globalisation. Their export remains limited to a narrow range of raw materials (The World Bank Online, 2013). On the other hand, we cannot blame globalisation alone for holding Africa back. As Survey said, Africa has been left out of the global economy, partly because its governments used to prefer it that way (The Economist, 2001, 13). Furthermore, there is solid evidence that poor people receive benefits from countrys growth, because developing countries that have achieved sustained and rapid growth are doing well in reducing poverty. Studies show that, in 80 countries across the world over the past 40 years, the incomes of the poor have raised one for one with overall growth (The Economist, 2001). For example, according to the World Bank (2013), China had the largest poverty reduction in history: between 1990 and 2005, poverty rates in the country fell from 60% to 16%, leaving 475 million fewer people in poverty. The World Bank (2013) also suggests, that there are some more examples of countries, which have profited from globalisation: India has cut its poverty rate in half in the past two decades. In Uganda poverty fell 40% during the 1990s and school enrollments doubled. Surveys ot the Vietnams poorest households snow people improved their living conditions in the 1990s (The World Bank, 2013). Secondly, globalisation is usually associated with the amplifying trend of international labour migration. Poor people from developing countries seek economic and social opportunities in better-off regions and so they make their decision to move. The interrelation between migration and social and economic changes becomes more complicated. Migration processes are one of the main factors of social transformation and development in both countries accepting migrants and countries of their origin. Net number of migrants from less developed regions to more developed ones reached 17,412,000 people in the period from 2005 to 2010. The graph below compares the net number of migrants in thousands of people from different regions during the period from 2005 to 2010. The information used to compile this graph was provided in World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision by United Nations (United Nations, 2013). Globalisation has both a negative and positive impacts on migration. The main counterargument against migration is that workers from poor countries receive a smaller wage when they work abroad comparing to local citizens. It is true; migrants agree to work for a cheaper price, thus it makes them more attractive for employers ho want to save on costs (The Economist, 2001). On the other hand, even this low salary usually is much higher, than those salaries poor workers could get back home. This income gives them the opportunity to improve their living conditions and provide their families with money. Furthermore, emigration can help to reduce pressure of the excess supply on a labour market of developing country and to reduce its unemployment. Poor countries expect temporary migrants to come back home with the experience and qualification they received abroad, which leads to nvestments into the economy. Less developed countries can receive benefits from money transfers of the migrants working abroad to their families and relatives. The final problem is the problem of the child labour exploitation in many developing countries. This problem evokes a wide response in society all over the world. It has been claimed that globalisation has strong negative influence on child labour usage, due to popular belief that foreign trade promotes distribution of exploitation of children. A lot of famous international companies, such as Nike, were blamed for sing child labour on their factories, placed in developing countries (Polakoff, 2007). This kind of news always causes a lot of protests among rich countries citizens. They argue that in a pursuit of profit the international corporations deprive the children of their childhood. According to Polakoff (2007, 264), children get exploited easily because they are less aware of their rights, less troublesome, more compliant, more trustworthy and less likely to absent themselves from work. This view seems valid, but there is also another side to the situation. It cannot be forgotten, that even hough child labour is considered as immoral, a lot ot children trom poor countries independently choose the opportunity to work in order to feed themselves and their families. As The Economist suggests, although if child labour was strictly eradicated this would not mean that children will go to school instead. It is more likely that they will be driven to scrape a living in even crueler conditions, as they will be forced to do crime or prostitution (The Economist, 2001). Furthermore, there is a greater probability to believe that globalisation has more positive impact on that problem rather than negative. Developed countries are taking measures to improve living conditions for children all over the world, to protect their rights and to prevent them from going to work before they turn at least 1 5 years old. The first World Day Against Child Labour was launched by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 2002 as a way to highlight the plight of these children (International Labour Organization a, 2013). In 1992 this organization began the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), it has worked to reach its goals in several ways: through the programs based in the countries which romote political reform, construct institutional potential and put in place certain measures to finish child labor; and through the increasing of awareness and mobilization intended to change the social relations and to promote ratification and effective introduction of ILO child labour Conventions. These efforts led to hundred thousands of children withdrawn from work, and rehabilitated or interfered to enter into labor (International Labour Organization b, 2013). To sum up, despite sceptics opinion about negative impact of globalisation on the poor workers in developing countries, they are more likely to receive a lot of benefits rom the globalisation process. Developing foreign trade and investments provide a money flow from rich to poor countries so they can reduce their poverty and improve peoples living conditions, as China did. Furthermore, globalisation allows poor people to migrate more freely all over the world in order to find Job with bigger salary and to risen the qualification skills. Countries of their origin also profit from temporary labour migration because they receive money transfers from these workers, as well as their working experience. Last, but not least, globalisation helps to liminate the extremely important problem of developing countries child labor.